What Is Naturism? Nudism, FKK and Clothing-Optional Explained
By Reto Pascal Wyss, NudistMap · Updated
Naturism is spending time without clothes in a social, non-sexual setting, such as a beach, campground or sauna. Nudism and FKK mean the same thing in practice; "clothing optional" describes a place where you may be nude but don't have to be.
What does naturism mean?
Naturism is spending time without clothes in a social, non-sexual setting: swimming, sunbathing, hiking, camping or relaxing in a sauna. The International Naturist Federation describes it as a way of life in harmony with nature, built on self-respect, respect for others and respect for the environment.
In everyday English, "naturism" and "nudism" mean almost the same thing. "Clothing optional" describes a place where you may be nude but don't have to be.
What is the difference between naturism, nudism and FKK?
The words come from different countries and traditions:
- Naturism: the common term in the UK, France (naturisme), Spain and most of Europe.
- Nudism: more common in the US and in older texts. It means the same in practice.
- FKK (Freikörperkultur, "free body culture"): the German tradition that dates back to the early 1900s. An FKK-Strand is a nude beach. Note that in some German cities "FKK club" also names adult venues, which have nothing to do with naturism.
- Textile: naturist slang for clothed people and clothed areas, as in "the textile part of the beach".
Where do naturists go?
Most naturists start at a public nude beach. Others join a landed club with its own grounds, stay at a naturist resort or campground, or visit a sauna, where in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Scandinavia going without a swimsuit is the norm.
Legal status differs a lot. Some beaches are officially designated, some are tolerated by custom, and some private resorts require nudity when the weather allows. Each place page on NudistMap shows which applies and where that information comes from.
If you are new to it, our guide to your first visit to a nude beach covers choosing a place, what to bring and what to expect.
Frequently asked questions
Is naturism legal?
It depends on the country and the place. Many European countries have officially designated nude beaches, and private naturist resorts are legal almost everywhere. Public nudity outside designated or tolerated areas can be an offence, so check the status of each place before you go.
Is naturism sexual?
No. Naturism is non-sexual by definition, and sexual behaviour is banned at naturist beaches, clubs and resorts. Venues that mix nudity and sex are not naturist and are not listed on NudistMap.
Can families go to naturist places?
Yes. Many naturist resorts and campgrounds in Europe are family-oriented and welcome children. Check each venue's own rules, as some are adults-only.
What does FKK mean?
FKK stands for Freikörperkultur, German for "free body culture". It is the German word for naturism, and an FKK-Strand is a nude beach.